PROTOCOL TO STUDY OF ANTI-MICROBIAL, ANTIBIOTIC & ANTIVIRAL PRODUCTION FROM FUNGI STRAIN OBTAINED FROM RIVER GANGA BASIN & HOT WATER SPRING OF INDIA

PROTOCOL TO STUDY OF ANTI-MICROBIAL, ANTIBIOTIC & ANTIVIRAL PRODUCTION FROM FUNGI STRAIN OBTAINED FROM RIVER GANGA BASIN & HOT WATER SPRING OF INDIA

The Ganga River is home to a diverse array of fungi, including both aquatic and extra-aquatic species. These fungi play a role in the river's ecosystem, contributing to nutrient cycling and potentially acting as bioindicators of pollution. Some notable genera found in the Ganga include:

Example Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Mucor, and Trichoderma alongwith

River Ganga, Rishikesh, india

Aspergillus niger

Fusarium

Aspergillus mold

Alternaria

Here are some notable hot water springs in India:

Uttarakhand:

  • Surya Kund: Located near the Yamunotri Temple, it's known for its high sulfur content.
  • Gaurikund: A popular stop on the trek to Kedarnath, believed to be the site where Goddess Parvati performed penance.
  • Tapovan: Near Joshimath, known for its boiling water and steam.
  • Sahastradhara: Near Dehradun, known for its scenic beauty and therapeutic waters.

Himachal Pradesh:

  • Manikaran: Famous for its hot springs where rice can be cooked, and is a Sikh pilgrimage site.
  • Vashisht: Near Manali, known for its hot water springs and ancient temple.
  • Tattapani: Popular for its hot springs and wellness retreats.
  • Kheerganga: Located at the end of a trek, offering a refreshing dip in the hot spring.

Other Regions:

  • Panamik, Ladakh: Famous for its sulfur-rich hot springs.
  • Atri, Odisha: A popular spot for locals seeking relief from ailments.
  • Rajgir, Bihar: Home to Brahma Kund, a sacred hot spring where pilgrims bathe.
  • Bakreswar, West Bengal: A pilgrimage site with a Shivling and hot springs.
  • Yumthang, Sikkim: Located in a high-altitude valley, known for its scenic beauty.
  • Tattapani, Chhattisgarh: Famous for its hot water springs.
  • Vashisht temple, manali, india

India has several natural hot water springs, often with historical, religious, or medicinal significance. Some popular locations include Manikaran in Himachal Pradesh, Panamik in Ladakh, and Gaurikund in Uttarakhand. These springs are known for their warm, mineral-rich waters, and some are even believed to have healing properties.

Aspergillus and Alternaria are examples of fungal genera found in hot springs.


METHOD OF PRODUCTION

1. Fungal Cultivation:

The process begins with cultivating the fungus in a controlled environment.

2. Fermentation:

The fungus is then grown in large fermentation tanks, where it's provided with a nutrient-rich medium, including sugars like glucose or sucrose.

4. Anti-microbial Production:

As the fungus grows, it naturally produces anti-microbial as a secondary metabolite, particularly when the fungus is under stress or its growth is inhibited.

5. Separation and Purification:

The anti-microbial is then separated from the fungal cells through filtration and centrifugation.

6. Final Purification:

Further purification steps are employed to isolate and purify the anti-microbial for use as a pharmaceutical.

MARS- MAHATMA RAKESH SINGH

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