GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA L. (MULAITHI,JETHIMADHU) AGAINST FREE RADICALS & OXIDATIVE STRESS.🌿 જેઠીમધુ મુક્ત રેડિકલ અને ઓક્સિડેટીવ તણાવનો ઉપયોગ કરતા હતા. 🌿 मुक्त कणों और ऑक्सीडेटिव तनाव का मुकाबला करने के लिए मुलेठी का उपयोग🌿 🪴HAR GHAR PANCH SHAKTI🪴 #HARGHARMULETHI🍀#HARGHARTULSI☘️#HARGHARPUNARNAVA☘️#HARGHARGINSENG☘️#HARGHARVINCA🍀

Introduction

Oxidative stress, marked by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive sulfur species (RSS), leads to cellular damage and is linked to various diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders.[1-3] While antioxidants can neutralize these harmful radicals, their efficacy may be compromised under high oxidative stress, making external sources essential for maintaining cellular health.[2,4,5]

In traditional medicine, “Rasayana drugs” are renowned for their rejuvenating and antioxidant properties. Glycyrrhiza glabra, commonly known as licorice and referred to as Yashtimadhu in Sanskrit, is a prominent Rasayana herb in Ayurveda. It is classified as a Medhya Rasayana, which enhances cognitive function and overall well-being. Traditionally, it is consumed in powdered form with milk for its Medhya Rasayana benefits.[6]G. glabra belongs to family Fabaceae and has long been extensively valued for its ethnopharmacological properties in India, as well as China and Southern Europe.[7,8] There are over 30 species within the Glycyrrhiza genus widely distributed around the world.[9]

This review examines distribution, traditional uses, and phytochemical properties of G. glabra, focusing on its major active compounds like glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhizic acid, etc. It assesses the role of G. glabra in countering oxidative stress and the potential therapeutic applications in managing oxidative stress-related disorders. Integrating traditional knowledge with current research, this review aims to provide insights into therapeutic potential and highlight areas for future research.

In addition, the focus of this review article is on the molecular mechanism of licorice extracts and their four flavonoids (isoliquiritigenin, liquiritigenin, lichalocone, and glabridin) pharmacologic activities. 

Glycyrrhiza glabra, one of the about 30 kinds of licorice, is one of the most widely utilized species in feed and food []. Amino acids, proteins, simple sugars, polysaccharides, mineral salts, pectin, starches, sterols, gums, and resins are all found in licorice [].

Isoliquiritigenin (2’,4’,4-trihydroxychalcone, ISL) extracted from licorice root has a chalcone structure that exhibits a strong anticancer effect. Glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhizinic acid, isoliquiritin, and glycyrrhizic acid are other main chemicals in this plant with anti-atherogenic, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-asthmatic properties []. Licorice has also been documented to help with weariness and debilitation in China. In addition, licorice acts as an anti-inflammatory, reducing allergic responses and preventing liver damage. According to the World Health Organization, licorice is used as a demulcent for sore throats and an expectorant for bronchial catarrh and coughs [].


In India, it is found in regions like Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, and the Sub-Himalayan areas



Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) is a renowned medicinal herb in India, widely recognized for its sweet, soothing properties and extensive use in Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani systems of medicine.

Synonyms of Glycyrrhiza glabra in India

Glycyrrhiza glabra is known by various vernacular names across different regions of India:
  • Sanskrit: Yashti-madhu, Madhuka, Yashtimadhukam, Madhu-yashtikam
  • Hindi: Mulaithi, Jothi-madh, Mulhatti, Mulathi
  • Gujarati: Jethimadh, Jethimadhu
  • Marathi: Jeshtamadha, Jyeshthamadh
  • Bengali: Jashtimadhu, Jaishbomodhu
  • Tamil: Atimadhuram
  • Telugu: Atimadhuranu, Athimathuram
  • Kannada: Yastimadhuka, Atimadhura, Jestamaddu
  • Malayalam: Iratimadhuram
  • Oriya: Jatimadhu
  • English: Licorice, Liquorice, Sweet Wood
Part Used Therapeutically
The primary therapeutic parts of Glycyrrhiza glabra are the dried roots and rhizome 
  • Characteristics: These parts are stoloniferous, woody, and fibrous, usually yellow or bright yellow on the inside.
  • Active Constituents: The roots are rich in glycyrrhizin (a saponin 30–50 times sweeter than sugar), flavonoids (such as liquiritin and glabridin), and chalcones.
  • Forms of Usage: It is commonly used as powder (churna), decoction (kwath), extract 



Reference:

1.)Therapeutic potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. in managing... : Journal of Drug Research in Ayurvedic Sciences https://journals.lww.com/jdra/fulltext/2024/09002/therapeutic_potential_of_glycyrrhiza_glabra_l__in.5.aspx


2.)Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice): A Comprehensive Review on Its Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, Clinical Evidence and Toxicology - PMC https://share.google/2jJk3BrhPBRpzoNAA





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