EFFECT OF THC ( Marijuana) AND COCAINE IN SUBJECTS OF BIPOLAR DISORDER AND SCHIZOPHRENIA WITH CONVENTIONAL ANTIPSHYCOTIC DRUGS

EFFECT OF THC ( Marijuana) AND COCAINE IN SUBJECTS OF BIPOLAR  DISORDER AND SCHIZOPHRENIA AND CONVENTIONAL ANTIPSHYCOTIC DRUGS

  1. THC (MARIJUANA)


In individuals with bipolar disorder, both THC (found in marijuana) and cocaine can worsen symptoms, increase episode frequency, and negatively impact treatment outcomes. THC can disrupt mood regulation, potentially leading to more frequent and intense manic and depressive episodes. Cocaine use can also destabilize mood, potentially triggering manic episodes and complicating treatment. 

Here's a more detailed look:

THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol):

  • Increased Episode Frequency:THC can disrupt neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin, which are involved in mood regulation, potentially leading to more frequent and severe mood swings, according to Cerebral | Online Therapy. 

  • Worsened Mania:Some studies indicate that cannabis use can be associated with more severe manic episodes, says Medical News Today. 

  • Earlier Onset and Psychotic Symptoms:Cannabis use has been linked to an earlier age of bipolar disorder onset and an increased likelihood of psychotic symptoms. 

  • Treatment Challenges:Cannabis use can make it harder to manage bipolar disorder, potentially leading to treatment non-adherence and poorer outcomes. 

    2) COCAINE



Cocaine:

  • Mood Instability:Cocaine can disrupt mood regulation and potentially trigger manic episodes in individuals with bipolar disorder, says the National Institutes of Health.

  • Medication Non-Adherence:Cocaine use can lead to medication non-adherence and increased risk of hospitalization.

  • Complicated Treatment:Cocaine use can complicate the treatment of bipolar disorder, potentially leading to more mixed or dysphoric mania and a more challenging treatment course.

  • Early Onset:Some studies suggest that cocaine use may be associated with an earlier onset of bipolar disorder. 

General Considerations:

  • Self-Medication:Some individuals with bipolar disorder may use cannabis or other substances to self-medicate, but this can often exacerbate their condition. 

  • Need for Comprehensive Treatment:Individuals with bipolar disorder who use substances need comprehensive treatment that addresses both the bipolar disorder and the substance use. 

  • Importance of Early Intervention:Early recognition and treatment of substance use disorders in individuals with bipolar disorder are crucial for improving long-term outcomes. 

SCHIZOPHRENIA


Those who develop schizophrenia following cannabis use tend to have more severe positive psychotic symptoms fewer negative psychotic symptoms fewer cognitive deficits better premorbid functioning acute onset of psychosis without a prodromal period  a shorter duration of untreated psychosis [3and fewer soft signs of neurologic dysfunction  than those who developed schizophrenia in the absence of cannabis exposure.

According to the World Drug Report 2012, cocaine is the fourth most used illicit drug after cannabis, amphetamine-type stimulants, and opioids, thus constituting a major health problem. In the last decade the demand for cocaine has declined in the United States (about half as much) while it has doubled in Europe. The largest national cocaine market within Europe is the United Kingdom, followed by Spain, Italy, Denmark and Ireland. Worldwide use of cocaine results in tens of thousands of deaths each year. It represents a proportion close to 14% of all drug poisoning deaths in the United States (Warner, Chen, Makuc, Anderson, & Miniño, 2011). In 2010, the annual prevalence of cocaine use was estimated to be between 0.3 and 0.4% of the world population aged 15–64, or from 13.2 to 19.5 million people in that age range [United Nations Office on Drugs & Crime (UNODC), 2012]. A key factor is the widespread availability of relatively inexpensive forms of cocaine such as the alkaloidal one (free base, also known as “crack”) suitable for smoking, and the hydrochloride one suitable for nasal or intravenous use.

Despite two decades of clinical trials primarily involving anticonvulsants, antidepressants, disulfiram, psychostimulants, and dopaminergic medications, no treatment currently exists for cocaine dependence (Alvarez et al., 2010, Castells et al., 2010, Lima et al., 2003, Minozzi et al., 2008, Pani et al., 2010, Soares et al., 2003, Torrens et al., 2005). The treatment of choice, therefore, remains behavioural, coupled with the use of medications indicated for specific coexisting disorders, such as depression.


Overview


Bipolar disorder, formerly called manic depression, is a mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings. These include emotional highs, also known as mania or hypomania, and lows, also known as depression. Hypomania is less extreme than mania.

When you become depressed, you may feel sad or hopeless and lose interest or pleasure in most activities. When your mood shifts to mania or hypomania, you may feel very excited and happy (euphoric), full of energy or unusually irritable. These mood swings can affect sleep, energy, activity, judgment, behavior and the ability to think clearly.


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MARS- MAHATMA RAKESH SINGH

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