Cardioprotective Effect of Leaf and Root Extracts of Mimosa pudica L. against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced-Cardiotoxicity and lipid profile study in Fatty Albino Rats

Cardioprotective Effect of Leaf and Root Extracts of Mimosa pudica L. against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced-Cardiotoxicity and lipid profile study in Fatty Albino Rats

Affiliation:

Rakesh Mahatma Singh, (M.Pharm) ., SET's College of Pharmacy, Dharwad, karnataka, India., Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Science.

ABSTRACT

Mimosa Pudica L. are used by traditional medicine practitioners in india for treatment/management of several disorders, including cardiovascular diseases. This study was designed to investigate cardioprotective potential of aqueous leaf and root extracts of the plant in albino rats. Mimosa pudica Linn (Leguminoseae) (the so-called sensitive plant) is found throughout India and the root of this plant is being used in traditional remedies for the treatment of biliousness, leprosy, dysentery, asthma, and leucoderma, while the seeds are used as an effective emetic. A novel bufadienolide, hellebrigenin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-galactopyranoside. Forty-four (44) adult male albino rats, used in this study, were placed into eleven (11) groups (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J and K), four rats in each group. Groups A, B, C and D were orally administered with 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg body of leaf extract respectively, while groups E, F, G and H were given the same doses of root extract correspondingly. Group I received 1.2 mg/kg body weight of aspirin (a cardioprotective drug), while groups J and K were given distilled water. Administration lasted seven (7) consecutive days. On the seventh day, all groups, except K, were given 2.5 ml/kg body weight of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intraperitoneally two hours after extract/aspirin administration. Group K received olive oil. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides in the extracts. The activity of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and concentration of cardiac troponin I (CTnI) in the serum of extract- and aspirin-treated groups were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the untreated negative control in which these parameters were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in normal control. Serum lipid profile of the animals also followed the same trend. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the extract- and aspirin-treated groups relative to the negative control. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the extract- and aspirin-treated groups and normal control than in the untreated negative control. The effect of the extracts were dose-dependent, and that of 800 mg/kg leaf extract was significantly higher (P<0.05) than 1.2 mg/kg aspirin. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) between the groups given leaf extract and those treated with root extract. These findings are indicative of possible cardioprotective potential of the extracts, and may be partly responsible for their efficacy against cardiovascular diseases.

Keywords: Albino rats, carbon tetrachloride, Mimosa pudica L., myocardial infarction, antioxidant activity, lipid profile, water and ethylacetate extract

METHODOLOGY:

CARBON TETRACHLORIDE INDUCED CARDIOTOXICITY:

• Chemical used: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is the primary toxin used to induce cardiac damage in this test.
• Animal models: Rats or mice are commonly used in these studies.

Assessment parameters:

• Biochemical markers: Elevated levels of enzymes like CK, CK-MB, and LDH in the blood indicate cardiac muscle damage.
• Cardiac troponin levels: Increased troponin levels are a more specific marker for myocardial damage.
• Lipid peroxidation markers: Measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels can indicate oxidative stress within the heart tissue.
• Histopathological analysis: Examining heart tissue under a microscope to assess structural changes like cardiomyocyte necrosis, inflammation, and fibrosis.

How the test is conducted:

1. Animal groups:

Animals are divided into control and treatment groups.

2. CCl4 administration:

The experimental group is exposed to a specific dose of CCl4, typically via oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection.

3. Treatment period:

Animals may be treated with a potential cardioprotective agent alongside CCl4 administration.

4. Sample collection:

After a designated time period, blood and heart tissue samples are collected from the animals.

5. Analysis:

Biochemical markers in the blood are measured, and heart tissue is examined histopathologically.

GROUPS

Group A -200 mg/kg b. wt leaf extract + CCl4

Group B -400 mg/kg b. wt leaf extract + CCl4

Group C -600 mg/kg b. wt leaf extract + CCl4

Group D – 800 mg/kg b. wt leaf extract + CCl4

Group E – 200 mg/kg b. wt root extract + CCl4

Group F – 400 mg/kg b. wt root extract + CCl4

Group G -600 mg/kg b. wt root extract + CCl4

Group H- 800 mg/kg b. wt root extract + CCl4

Group I – 1.2 mg/kg b. wt aspirin + CCl4

Group J – Distilled water + CCl4

Group K - Distilled water

CONCLUSION:

The presence of the identified phytochemicals in the extracts partly explains the medicinal applications of leaves and roots of Mimosa

Pudica L. The exact compounds responsible for the observed pharmacological activities are under

investigation. The cardioprotective potential may be as a result of the antioxidant property of the phytoconstituents. However, this is subject to further examination. Our findings may be useful in explaining the use of leaves and roots of Mimosa Pudica L. in management and treatment disorders of the cardiovascular system.

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Mimosa pudica L., a High-Value Medicinal Plant as a Source of Bioactives for Pharmaceuticals., Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2016 Mar;15(2):303-315.