Screening of antiviral effect of Melia Azedarach ( Mahanimba ) leaves extract evaluated by MTS method

 

Mahanimba- Melia azedarach

Main Synonym

Dreka, ramyaka, vishmushti, nimbala, karmuka, jiva

Regional Name

Bengali : ghoda neem

Gujarati : bakan limdo

Hindi : bakayana

Punjabi : deka, dhareka

Tamil : malaivembu

Telugu : turaka, bevaka

English : the beed tree

Botanical Name

Melia azedarach

Family

Meliaceae

Classification (Gana)

Bhavprakash nighantu : guuchyadi varga.

Kaiyadeva nighantu : aushadhi varga

External Morphology

5-15 meter high tree

Useful Parts

Root, stem bark, leaves, fruit

Important Phytoconstituent

Tannins, azadirechtine, sitosterol, melianone

Rasa Panchak

Rasa : tannins, azadirechtine, sitosterol, melianone

Guna : laghu, ruksha, tikshna

Virya : ushna

Vipaka : katu

Action

Kaphapittahara

Therapeutic Indication

Grahi (reduce excessive secretions), arshoghna (useful in piles), krimighna (anti-helminthic), kusthaghna (useful in skin disorders), mushika-vishhara (useful in rat poison)

Therapeutic Uses

1. Twakavikara - bark and flower paste is given with water for skin disorders.

2. Shirahshoola - flower and leaves paste is applied externally in headaches.

3. Krimi - bark, and leaves are useful to treat worms in children.

Dose

Bark powder - 1-3 gm, flower - 3-5 gm, leaves - 1-3 gm

Formulations

Mahavishgarbha taila, bruhadmanjisthadi kwath

INTRODUCTION

The drugs which are used as analgesic and anti inflammatory agents cause many side effects and 

toxic effects. Many medicines of plant origin have been used from many years without any side 

effects. In Ayurvedic ancient text named Gada Nigraha, it has been mentioned that Mahanimba (Melia 

azedarach Linn.) Moola can be used in the management of Gridhrasi (Sciatica). In Gridhrasi pain 

and inflammation of Sciatic nerve is the main cardinal symptoms. So, in this pharmacological study 

evaluation of analgesic and anti inflammatory activity of test drug Mahanimba Moola have been 

assessed with compare to Standard drug Parijata Patra (Nyctanthes arbortristis)

Antiviral Test

Antiviral activity was tested as described earlier [65, 67]. The final, maximal DMSO concentration in the assay wells with the highest sample input (1%) was well tolerated by the cells. Rupintrivir was used as a positive control. All data were expressed as EC50, CC50, and SI. For cytotoxicity assays, plant extracts (only those that showed antiviral activity) were evaluated by the MTS method. In brief, the same experimental setup was used as for the antiviral assay; except for cytotoxicity determination, uninfected cultures were incubated with a serial dilution of plant extract for three days at 37°C. “The cytotoxic concentration was calculated as CC50 or the concentration of plant extracts required to reduce cell proliferation by 50% relative to the number of cells in the solvent-treated controls. The formula used to calculate cytotoxic activity was % CPE = [ODcc − OD plant extract]/ODcc, where ODcc corresponds to the optical density of the uninfected and untreated cell cultures, and OD plant extract corresponds to the OD of uninfected cultures, treated with the extract. In addition, the selectivity index (SI) was calculated as the ratio of CC50 for cell growth to EC50 (CC50/EC50)” 

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