Hepatoprotective Effect Of Senna Obtusifolia Leaves Extract Against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Liver Damaged In Rats

 Hepatoprotective Effect Of Senna Obtusifolia Leaves Extract Against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Liver Damaged In Rats

Senna Obtusifolia

Kingdom: Plantae

Division:Magnoliophyta

Class:Magnoliopsida

Order:Fabales

Family: Fabaceae

Subfamily:Caesalpinioideae

Tribe: Cassieae

Genus: senna

Species:S. obtusifolia

Senna obtusifolia is commonly called as a sickle pod

and is an erect and bushy annual or short-lived

perennial, non-nodulating weed in the family Fabaceae

(Tungate et al. 2002), growing to a height of 1.5–2.5 m

(Holm et al. 1997). It is native to tropical South America

but has become widespread throughout the tropics and

subtropics (Teem et al. 1980). Senna obtusifolia is an aggressive invader of rangelands and can completely out compete palatable grass species and eradicate the

growth of pasture species, leading to the exclusion of

livestock in semi-arid rangelands (Randell 1995) through

reducing carrying capacities of rangelands by as much as

85% (Mackey et al. 1997). For instance, S. obtusifolia was

reported as a primary weed of pastures in Australia,

where it reduces available grazing areas and competes

with pasture species for light, nutrients, and water

(Mackey et al. 1997). In areas favorable for its growth, S.

obtusifolia is capable of excluding all native species and

forming dense mono-specific stands and consequently

causing significant ecological changes (Mackey et al.

1997; Tye et al. 2003).

The leaves are used as a laxative and as a poultice to treat skin infections, sores, ulcers and insect bites. The leaves are further used as an anthelminthic and against vomiting and stomach-ache. A decoction of the leaves is used to treat eye complaints in Senegal and Zanzibar.

Preparation of plant extract:

Two kilograms of plant powder were extracted by maceration

in ethanol (70% v/v) for 48 h. The extract was then filtered and dried under reduced pressure

in a rotary evaporator at a temperature below 50°C and stored at -20 °C until use.

Experimental design:

At the end of the acclimatization period, animals were randomly

divided into 5 groups (10 rats / group). Rats of Group I served as the control and received

nothing but normal feed. Rats of Group II were injected intraperitoneally with olive oil (0.5

ml/kg) twice a week for 8 weeks. Rats of Group III and IV were injected intraperitoneally

CCl4 (0.5ml CCl4/kg b.wt) mixed in olive oil v/v twice a week for 8 weeks. Simultaneously,

animals of groups IV was oral administered with senna obtusifolia extract (400 mg/kg b.wt) via a stomach tube daily for 8 weeks, whereas Group V received senna obtusifolia extract

(400 mg/kg b.wt), via a stomach tube without CCl4 treatment daily for 8 weeks.

Samples:

After the end of the experimental period, all animals were being fasted for 12 h

then sacrificed under chloroform anesthesia. Whole blood was collected in clean, dry tubes

with/without EDTA. glutathione reduced (GSH) was determined in whole blood. Sera and

plasma samples were then obtained by centrifugation for 15 minutes at 4000 rpm and they were kept in Eppendorf tubes and stored at -20 ﾟC until required for assay of biochemical

parameters. The lower erythrocyte layer in the EDTA tubes was used for determination of

MDA while ALT, AST, ALP, albumin, total protein and total antioxidant capacity were

assayed in rats‟ sera. A large lobes of liver were collected, washed with normal saline and

fixed in 10% formalin for histopathological studies. At the same time, a certain weight of

liver tissue from each rat was washed with normal saline and then it was homogenized in ice cold phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 7.5) and the resultant homogenate (10%, w/v) was

centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 20 min at 4 ˚C in a cooling centrifuge then the supernatant was

collected and stored at -20 °C for subsequent biochemical assays which include SOD and

catalase.

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