Neuroprotective Effects of Morus Alba Linn. leaves & fruit extracts Against Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in Rotenone-Induced Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease

 

Introduction

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is pathologically described by the continued loss of dopaminergic

neuronal cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), which results in motor impairments

such as loss of motion, postural and gait instability, resting tremors, and muscle rigidity. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation, brain aging,

and genetic susceptibility, which often involve oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory changes, play

a major part in the pathogenesis of PD. Oxidative stress and inflammation are the two central pathways in microglial cells activation that lead to progressive neuronal degeneration and represent an

important therapeutic target in PD. The activation and release of proinflammatory cytokines, such

as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα, along with free radical generation including reactive oxygen species (ROS)

and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), has detrimental effects on the existence of dopaminergic

neurons in the SNc 

Morus alba Linn. (Mulberry)

Synonyms

Morus macrophylla Moretti, M. morettiana Jacq. and M. nervosa Deles.

Scientific classification

Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Urticales

Family: Moraceae

Genus: Morus

Species: Morus alba

Pharmacological Properties

ANTIDIABETICS

ANTIOXIDANT

HEPATOPROTACTIVE

ANTICANCER

NEUROPROTECTIVE

Atherosclerosis 

Anxiolytic and antidepressants

Nutrition Suppliments

Method performed to immunohistochemical

analysis of TH+ neurons in the SNc and TH-ir fibers in the striatum to observe the effects of morus alba linn. extracts-(MALE) on

nigrostriatal dopaminergic loss. The ROT injected animals showed significant (p < 0.001) degeneration

of dopaminergic neurons in the SNc region when compared to rats of the control group received only

vehicle (Figure 2A,C). MALE administration significantly (p < 0.05) protected against ROT-induced

degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Dopaminergic neurons venture their axons to the striatum

region wherein the terminal fibers are consisting of the dopamine transporter (DAT). Therefore, it was

essential to examine whether the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the SNc region is associated

with the loss of dopaminergic nerve terminals as evaluated by assessing the intensity of striatal TH-ir

dopaminergic nerve terminal fibers. A significant (p < 0.001) loss in TH-ir fibers intensity was observed

in animals challenged with ROT in comparison with animals of the control group received only vehicle.

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