Evaluation of nootropic activity of syzygium samatragense leaves in diazepam and scopolamine-induced amnesic mice and rats

 

Syzygium samaragense

KINGDOM Plantae
SUB KINGDOM Tracheobionta (Vascular plants),
SUPER DIVISION Spermatophyta (Seed plants)
DIVISION Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants)
CLASS Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons)
ORDER Myrtales
FAMILY Myrtaceae
GENUS Syzygium
SPECIES Syzygium samaragense

Wax apple studied for its numerous pharmacological properties such as antioxidant and antidiabetic properties, anti-inflammation and antinociceptive activity, wound healing activity, antiulcerogenic effect, antibacterial, anticancer and also it's potential as an uterotonic agent.

Two flavonol glycoside have been isolated and characterised from leaves of sygygium samarangense. One is the rare mearnsitrin (1) while the second, 2′-C-methyl-5′-O-galloylmyricetin-3-O-a-l-rhamnopyranoside (2), is new.

The Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr & Perry was first introduced in Taiwan and is now grown in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and a few humid regions in India.

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The major Phytoconstiuents  present in the fruit are arjunolic acid, chalcones, flavones, jamboline, and vescalgin.

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Syzygium samarangense exhibits pharmacological properties like anticancerous, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant properties, and  CNS depressant activities.

Syzygium samarangense (Wax apple): Syzygium samarangense is a tropical fruit belongs to the genus Syzygiumin the family Myrtaceae with evergreen character
which belongs to the family Myrtaceae. It is of origin from Asia. It produces a pink fleshy fruit which is eaten fresh. The fruit is oblong, pear-shaped, and 5–12 cm in length, with four
fleshy calyx lobes and 1–4 seeds. The tree can b e grown as an ornamental, and attains a height of seven meters. In India, water apples are found in Kerala, west Bengal, East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh and in other humid places. In Telugu, these are calledkammarikayalu. In Kerala it is commonly called as chambanga which is found in almost all the homesteads in Kerala. It is mainly eaten as a fresh fruit and also used to make pickles (Chambakka Achar). These fruits are also used to make wine and juice (Anandakumar
Selvaraj, 2017). The fruit pulp of wax apple is a rich source of phenols, flavonoids and several antioxidant compounds and as a result it is believed to have great potential b enefits for human health and used in traditional medicine to cure diabetes. It’s been reported that wax apple fruit extract showed antihyperglycemic activity in allxan- induced (Type 1 DM) diabetic of mice (Resurreccion-Magno, 2015). The flavonoids, isolated from wax apple, were reported to possess antihyperglycemic activity, spasmolytic and immunomodulatory activity (Resurreccion-Magno, 2005; Kuo, 2004)

Methods:

Amnesia was induced by administration of diazepam (1 mg/kg i.p.) and scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg i.p.) and treatment groups received ESSL (200 and 400 mg/kg p.o) for 14 and 10 days in scopolamine and diazepam-induced amnesia model, respectively. The extent of improvement in memory was measured by behavioral paradigm. Finally, animals were sacrificed, and the whole brain was isolated for estimation of concentration of AChE and reduced GSH levels.

(ESSL ):70% Ethanolic Extracts of Syzygium samaragense leaves
Acetylcholinesterase: (AChE)
Glutathione :(GSH)

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