Antidiabetic effect of TAGETES ERECTA L. in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

 Introduction

Tagetes is a genus (family Compositae/ Asteraceae) containing about 50 species of annual or perennial herbaceous plant. The plant Tagetes erecta L. is locally known as Genda Phool (Marigold). Marigold is a spice native to India. Historically, marigold has been used all over India, China and Indonesia as a spice and medicinal agent. Marigold is a spice that enhances the flavour of foods and is the base of most Indian curries. 

Marigold is used in curries goes back more than 5000 years. It is stout, branching herb, native to Mexico and other warmer parts of America and neutralized elsewhere in the tropics and subtropics including India and Bangladesh. These are rapid growing annual flowering plants in height ranging from dwarfs of 6-8 inch, to medium and taller and erect growing plants with heights from 10 into 3ft, bearing large pompon-like double flower up to 5 in across and has a shorter flowering period from midsummer to frost. It is very popular as a garden plant and yields a strongly aromatic essential oil (Tagetes oil), which is mainly used for the compounding of high-grade perfumes. It is very popular as a garden plant and yields a strongly aromatic essential oil (Tagetes oil), which is mainly used for the compounding of high-grade perfumes. Different parts of this plant including flowers are used in folk medicine to cure various diseases. Leaves are used as antiseptic and in kidney troubles, muscular pain, piles and applied to boils and carbuncles. The flower is useful in fevers, epileptic fits (Ayurveda), astringent, carminative, 

stomachic, scabies and liver complaints and is also employed in diseases of the eyes (Ampai et al., 

2013).

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

Phytochemical studies of its different parts have 

resulted in the isolation of various chemical 

constituents such as thiophenes, flavonoids, 

carotenoids and triterpenoids. The plant T. erecta 

has been shown to contain quercetagetin, a 

glucoside of quercetagetin, phenolics, syringic 

acid, methyl-3, 5-dihydroxy-4- methoxy benzoate, 

quercetin, vinyl and ethyl gallate. Lutein is an 

oxycarotenoid, or xanthophyll, containing 2 cyclic end groups (one beta and one alpha-ionone ring) 

and the basic C-40 isoprenoid structure common to 

all carotenoids. It is one of the major constituents 

and the main pigment of Tagetes erecta (Dixit et al., 2013).

The flower consists of carotenoids consisting of lutein, zeaxanthin, neoxanthin plus violaxanthin, β-carotene, lycopene, α-Cryptoxanthin, phytoene and phytofluene.Li-Wei (2011) report the results of a thorough phytochemical study on 22 compounds from the flowers of T. erecta by isolation of various fractions of the ethanol extract by silica gel column chromatography. They were β-sitosterol, daucosterol, 7β-hydroxysitosterol, erythrodiol-3-palmitate, lupeol, erythrodiol, 1-[5-(1-propyn-1-yl)-[2,2-bithiophen]-5-yl]-ethanone, α-terthienyl, quercetagetin, quercetagetin-7-methylether, quercetagetin-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol, syringic acid, gallic acid, 3-α-galactosyl disyringic acid, 3-β-galactosyl disyringic acid, 6-ethoxy-2, 4-dimethylquinoline, oplodiol, (3S, 6R, 7E)-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-9-one, palmitin, ethylene glycollinoleate, and n-hexadecane. The chemical structures of lutein, quercetagetin and syringic acid.

TAXONOMICAL CLASSIFICATION

Tagetes erecta is stout, branching herb, native 

to Mexico and other warmer parts of America and neutralized elsewhere in the tropics and subtropics including India and Bangladesh.

Kingdom : Plantae

Order : Asterales

Family : Asteraceae

Subfamily : Asteroideae

Class : Magnoliopsida

Division : Magnoliophyta

Genus : Tagetes

Species : erecta

Anti-diabetic activity

Hydro alcoholic extract of Tagetes erecta its anti diabetic activity by inducing diabetes using single intra-peritoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg b.w.). Treatment with standard drug Glibenclamide, blood glucose rose at 30 min followed by subsequent fall up to 120 min. The administration of Tagetes erecta extracts showed increase in glucose levels after 30 min and hypoglycemia effect was observed only after 120 min (Raghuveer et al., 2011).

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